Table 1 Literature comparison based on the following criteria: number of cases (N), age restriction, gender distribution, study population (professional (P) and/or recreational (R) singers) and the research question (whether singing promotes TMDs)
| Â | Â | Literature comparison | Â | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Age | Gender | (R) and/or (P) | Singing → TMDs | |
Caetano et al. | 33 | 18–75 y. | ♂ + ♀ | (R) | Not directly |
Franco and Andrus | - | - | - | (P) | Yes |
Grape et al. | 16 | n. s. | ♂ + ♀ | (R) + (P) | Not directly |
Taddey | 3 | n. s. | ♂ + ♀ | - | Yes |
Vaiano et al. | 200 | 18–63 y. | ♂ + ♀ | (R) | No |
van Selms et al. | - | - | - | - | No |