Measurement of three‐dimensional changes in lip vermilion in adult female patients after orthodontic extraction: a retrospective longitudinal study

Table 5 Mean differences from T1 to T2 in the linear and area measurements between the treatment and non-treatment groups

Variable	Treatment group	Non-treatment group	p-value
Linear measurements (mm)
Philtrum width	− 0.94 ± 2.17	− 0.01 ± 0.37	0.010^*
Mouth width	0.32 ± 3.00	0.01 ± 0.59	0.516(NS)
Mouth height	− 1.08 ± 3.06	0.10 ± 0.32	0.017^*
Area measurements (mm²)
Upper vermilion area	− 6.25 ± 127.37	34.00 ± 81.61	0.139(NS)
Lower vermilion area	− 51.01 ± 104.88	8.67 ± 87.21	0.023^*
Total vermilion area	− 69.81 ± 202.98	52.12 ± 156.48	0.012^*

Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (mm³). An independent t-test was used to compare the treatment and non-treatment groups. NS non-significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01

ISSN: 1746-160X