Measurement of three‐dimensional changes in lip vermilion in adult female patients after orthodontic extraction: a retrospective longitudinal study

Table 3 Comparison of the changes in the linear and area measurements pre- and post-treatment in the treatment group

Variable	Pre-treatment	Post-treatment	p-value
Linear measurements (mm)
Philtrum width	16.69 ± 2.05	15.76 ± 1.89	0.008^**
Mouth width	50.51 ± 4.14	50.83 ± 3.99	0.488(NS)
Mouth height	21.89 ± 2.94	20.81 ± 2.36	0.027^*
Area measurements (mm²)
Upper vermilion area	683.63 ± 156.50	677.38 ± 128.56	0.752(NS)
Lower vermilion area	638.43 ± 125.58	587.43 ± 138.48	0.003^**
Total vermilion area	1200.09 ± 196.62	1130.27 ± 243.08	0.031^*

Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. A paired t-test was used to compare pre- and post-orthodontic extraction in each group. NS non-significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01

ISSN: 1746-160X