Table 3 Comparing methods of measurements in terms of ΔE and ΔE₀₀: 2D versus 3D within visual or electronical measurement; visual versus electronical measurements within 2D and 3D

Paired observations, number

839^a

840^a

1680^b

1679^c

Mean ΔE (standard deviation)

2.53 (2.17)

2.99 (2.21)

3.46 (1.66)

3.91 (1.29)

Agreement within ΔE < 2.7, proportion (95% CI)

59.6 (56.2–62.9)^*,**

40.6 (37.3–44.0)^-,*

45.2 (42.8–47.6)^*

18.6 (16.7–20.5)^--,-

Agreement within ΔE < 3.7, proportion (95% CI)

67.2 (63.9–70.4)^**

68.5 (65.3–71.7)^**

52.9 (50.5–55.3)^*

46.6 (44.2–49.0)^*

Mean ΔE₀₀ (standard deviation)

2.08 (1.80)

2.37 (1.82)

3.26 (1.23)

3.50 (1.00)

Agreement within ΔE₀₀ < 2.7, proportion (95% CI)

62.9 (59.6–65.5)^*,**

56.0 (52.5–59.3)^*

45.8 (43.4–48.2)^*

23.5 (21.5–25.6)⁻

Agreement within ΔE₀₀ < 3.7, proportion (95% CI)

82.1 (79.4–84.7)^**,***

75.2 (72.2–78.1)^**

71.7 (69.5–73.9)^**

64.6 (62.3–66.9)^**