Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants

 Male

n = 49

 Female

n = 62

Participants’ age

M = 27.0 years; SD = 10.2 years

 Symmetry (Me-MSP < 2 mm)

n = 65 (M = 0.8 mm; SD = 0.6 mm)

 Moderate asymmetry

  (Me-MSP = [2; 4 mm])

n = 22 (M = 2.9 mm; SD = 0.6 mm)

 Strong asymmetry (Me-MSP > 4 mm)

n = 24 (M = 6.2 mm; SD = 1.9 mm)

 Skeletal Class I (Wits = [− 2; 2 mm])

n = 25 (M = − 0.8 mm; SD = 1.2 mm)

 Skeletal Class II (Wits > 2 mm)

n = 36 (M = 6.5 mm; SD = 2.9 mm)

 Skeletal Class III (Wits < − 2 mm)

n = 50 (M = − 9.1 mm; SD = 4.3 mm)

 Neutral (ML-NL = [20.5; 26.5°])

n = 32 (M = 23.2°; SD = 1.8°)

 Hypodivergent (ML-NL < 20.5°)

n = 37 (M = 16.3°; SD = 4.1°)

 Hyperdivergent (ML-NL > 26.5°)

n = 42 (M = 32.7°; SD = 4.3°)

Investigated condyles

N = 222