Fig. 3

The treatment progress during alveolar distraction osteogenesis (DO). a A schematic illustration of the alveolar DO. b Three-dimensional prediction of the postoperative outcome with computed tomography. c Before alveolar DO. d After surgery for alveolar DO. e After the completion of alveolar DO. f After the surgical removal of instruments for alveolar DO. g-i Representative dental radiographs showing gradual changes in the alveolar bone during treatment. g Pre-treatment (h) After the completion of the alveolar DO. i After the surgical removal of the instruments for alveolar DO