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Table 1 Description of color distributions on tooth level (n = 120)

From: Assessing the effect of multibracket appliance treatment on tooth color by using electronic measurement

  Time point Gingival (S1) Body (S2) P value
Mean Gmd Median (1st – 3rd quartile) Mean Gmd Median (1st – 3rd quartile)
3D system
 Lightnessa T0 1.93 0.72 2 (1–2) 1.84 0.75 2 (1–2) 0.170
T1 2.02 0.83 2 (2–2) 1.96 0.94 2 (1–2)  
T2 2.06 0.73 2 (2–2) 1.98 0.73 2 (2–2)  
 Chromab T0 2.45 0.40 2.5 (2.0–2.5) 2.38 0.35 2.5 (2.0–2.5) 0.018
T1 2.48 0.39 2.5 (2.0–2.5) 2.39 0.38 2.5 (2.0–2.5)  
T2 2.54 0.39 2.5 (2.5–3.0) 2.48 0.39 2.5 (2.0–2.5)  
 L* T0 61.8 2.6 61.7 (61.3–65.0) 62.0 2.7 61.8 (61.3–65.0) 0.388
T1 61.5 3.0 61.6 (61.3–61.8) 61.6 3.3 61.6 (61.3–65.0)  
T2 61.4 2.5 61.6 (61.3–61.8) 61.6 2.5 61.6 (61.3–61.8)  
 C*ab T0 12.1 2.1 11.8 (8.7–14.3) 11.7 2.6 11.8 (8.7–13.5) 0.042
T1 12.3 2.0 13.5 (10.1–14.3) 11.9 2.1 12.6 (8.7–14.3)  
T2 12.7 1.7 13.5 (11.8–14.3) 12.2 1.9 11.8 (10.1–14.3)  
 ΔE T0 – T1 2.10 2.57 0.90 (0.00–4.22) 2.46 2.82 1.88 (0.00–4.42)  
T1 – T2 2.15 2.54 1.88 (0.00–4.36) 2.35 2.50 1.88 (0.00–4.36)  
T0 – T2 1.80 2.21 0.90 (0.00–3.48) 1.86 2.17 1.01 (0.00–3.60)  
 d(OM1) T0 13.9 3.8 13.7 (9.2–15.8) 13.5 3.9 13.7 (9.2–15.4) 0.038
T1 14.3 4.1 15.3 (12.5–15.8) 13.9 4.5 15.3 (9.2–15.8)  
T2 14.6 3.7 15.3 (13.7–15.8) 14.1 3.8 14.5 (12.5–15.8)  
2D systemc
 L* T0 58.1 2.1 58.4 (56.8–59.7) 58.4 2.1 58.4 (57.1–59.7) 0.004
T1 57.8 2.4 58.4 (55.8–59.7) 58.1 2.4 58.4 (57.1–59.7)  
T2 57.7 2.3 57.1 (55.8–59.7) 58.1 2.0 58.4 (57.1–59.7)  
 C*ab T0 12.4 2.1 12.3 (11.0–13.6) 12.2 2.1 12.3 (11.0–13.6) 0.031
T1 12.7 2.4 12.3 (11.0–14.9) 12.4 2.6 12.3 (11.0–13.6)  
T2 12.9 2.0 13.6 (11.0–14.9) 12.5 2.3 12.3 (11.0–13.6)  
 ΔE T0 – T1 1.63 1.79 1.81 (0.00–1.87) 1.74 1.78 1.87 (0.00–1.87)  
T1 – T2 1.45 1.65 1.81 (0.00–1.87) 1.65 1.80 1.87 (0.00–1.91)  
T0 – T2 1.61 1.62 1.87 (0.00–1.87) 1.39 1.42 1.84 (0.00–1.87)  
  1. a3D lightness values were assessed on a six-point integer scale from 0 to 5
  2. b3D chroma values were assessed on a three-point scale from 1 to 3 at half points
  3. c2D second shade designation numbers were assessed on a five-point scale at quarter points
  4. Gmd denotes Gini’s mean difference (see statistical methods)
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