Table 2 Burchiel's classification scheme for facial pains commonly encountered in neurosurgical practice (modified from Burchiel, 2003 [3])
From: Current algorithm for the surgical treatment of facial pain
Pain category | History/Pain pattern | Other names |
|---|---|---|
Trigeminal neuralgia type 1 | Spontaneous onset (>50% episodic pain) | Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia |
Trigeminal neuralgia type 2 | Spontaneous onset (≥50% constant pain) | Atypical trigeminal neuralgia |
Trigeminal neuropathic pain | Trigeminal injury - unintentional (trauma, sinus surgery) | Â |
Trigeminal deafferentation pain | Trigeminal injury – intentional deafferentation (after destructive procedures) | Anesthesia dolorosa/hypesthesia dolorosa |
Symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia/MS | Multiple sclerosis | Â |
Symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia/other causes | Posterior fossa mass lesions, Chiari malformation | Secondary trigeminal neuralgia |
Postherpetic neuralgia | Trigeminal Herpes Zoster outbreak | Â |
Atypical facial pain | Somatoform pain disorder | Â |