Fig. 1
From: Inclination of mandibular incisors and symphysis in severe skeletal class III malocclusion
Examples of cephalometric digitization in severe skeletal class III patients before treatment. a Illustration of cephalometric landmarks and the mandibular plane (MP). b Illustration of the MIA and IMPA measurements. IA: the long axis of the lower central incisor; D: the centre point of the mandible symphysis; dotted line: the line passing through the labial and lingual lower alveolar edge of the lower central incisor; MA: the line from the midpoint of the line between the labial and lingual lower alveolar edge and point D; MIA: the angle between the IA and the MA; IMPA: the angle between the long axis of the lower central incisor (IA) and the MP