Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies | Selection of the cohort | Confounder | Cohort outcome | Score | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1) Representativeness of the exposed group/cohort | 2) Selection of the non-exposed group/cohort | 3) Ascertainment of exposure | 4) Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study | 5) Comparability of groups on the basis of the design or analysis | 6) Assessment of outcome | 7) Was Follow-Up Long Enough for Outcomes to Occur | 8) Adequacy of Follow Up of Cohorts | ||||||||||||||||||||
Author, year | Type of study | truly representative of the average (describe) in the community * | somewhat representative of the average in the community * | selected group of users | no description of the derivation of the cohort | drawn from the same community as the exposed cohort * | drawn from a different source | no description of the derivation of the non exposed cohort | secure record (eg surgical records) * | structured interview * | written self report | no description | Yes* | No | study controls for (select the most important factor) *-ex age | study controls for any additional factor * (This criteria could be modified to indicate specific control for a second important factor.) | independent blind assessment * | record linkage * | self report | no description | yes (select an adequate follow up period for outcome of interest) * | No | Complete follow up - all subjects accounted for * | subjects lost to follow up unlikely to introduce bias - small number lost - > ___ % (select an adequate %) follow up, or description of those lost) * | follow up rate < ___% (select an adequate %) and no description of those lost | No statement | |
Gauthier et al, 201 1[24] | Prospective Cohort | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ********* | ||||||||||||||||
Li et al, 202 0[20] | Retrospective Cohort | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ********* | ||||||||||||||||
Lin et al, 201 5[22] | Retrospective Cohort | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ********* | ||||||||||||||||
Moon et al, 202 0[19] | Retrospective Cohort | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ********* | ||||||||||||||||
Sygouros et al, 201 4[23] | Retrospective Cohort | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ********* |