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Table 4 Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies

From: Periodontal effects of maxillary expansion in adults using non-surgical expanders with skeletal anchorage vs. surgically assisted maxillary expansion: a systematic review

Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies

Selection of the cohort

Confounder

Cohort outcome

Score

1) Representativeness of the exposed group/cohort

2) Selection of the non-exposed group/cohort

3) Ascertainment of exposure

4) Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study

5) Comparability of groups on the basis of the design or analysis

6) Assessment of outcome

7) Was Follow-Up Long Enough for Outcomes to Occur

8) Adequacy of Follow Up of Cohorts

Author, year

Type of study

truly representative of the average (describe) in the community *

somewhat representative of the average in the community *

selected group of users

no description of the derivation of the cohort

drawn from the same community as the exposed cohort *

drawn from a different source

no description of the derivation of the non exposed cohort

secure record (eg surgical records) *

structured interview *

written self report

no description

Yes*

No

study controls for (select the most important factor) *-ex age

study controls for any additional factor * (This criteria could be modified to indicate specific control for a second important factor.)

independent blind assessment *

record linkage *

self report

no description

yes (select an adequate follow up period for outcome of interest) *

No

Complete follow up - all subjects accounted for *

subjects lost to follow up unlikely to introduce bias - small number lost - > ___ % (select an adequate %) follow up, or description of those lost) *

follow up rate < ___% (select an adequate %) and no description of those lost

No statement

Gauthier et al, 201 1[24]

Prospective Cohort

 

*

  

*

  

*

   

*

 

*

*

*

   

*

 

*

   

*********

Li et al, 202 0[20]

Retrospective Cohort

 

*

  

*

  

*

   

*

 

*

*

 

*

  

*

 

*

   

*********

Lin et al, 201 5[22]

Retrospective Cohort

 

*

  

*

  

*

   

*

 

*

*

 

*

  

*

 

*

   

*********

Moon et al, 202 0[19]

Retrospective Cohort

 

*

  

*

  

*

   

*

 

*

*

 

*

  

*

 

*

   

*********

Sygouros et al, 201 4[23]

Retrospective Cohort

 

*

  

*

  

*

   

*

 

*

*

 

*

  

*

 

*

   

*********