Table 3 Implant-to-mandibular canal dimensions assessed by criterion method and each of the PAN equations

1. Premolar (n = 35)

  Criterion method (CBCT)

2.9 ± 1.5

2.35–3.40

  PAN equation

2.9 ± 1.2

2.52–3.32

0.737

− 0.04 ± 1.03

0.00

2. Premolar (n = 34)

  Criterion method (CBCT)

3.1 ± 1.8

2.48–3.70

  PAN equation

2.8 ± 1.2

2.37–3.21

0.818

0.30 ± 1.04

0.29

1. Molar (n = 43)

  Criterion method (CBCT)

2.5 ± 2.1

1.90–3.16

  PAN equation

2.8 ± 1.7

2.26–3.29

0.885

− 0.26 ± 0.99

1.01

2. Molar (n = 36)

  Criterion method (CBCT)

3.2 ± 1.5

2.70–3.70

  PAN equation

3.1 ± 1.1

2.75–3.47

0.693

0.06 ± 1.09

1.11