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Table 1 Description of maxillary and mandibular landmarks used

From: Effects of estrogen deficiency during puberty on maxillary and mandibular growth and associated gene expression – an μCT study on rats

Landmarks

Description

Maxilla

 1

Intersection of nasal bones

 2

Posterior point of the suture between palatines and the anterior border of the mesopterygoid fossa

 3

The most prominent lateral point on the buccal surface of the upper first molar

 4

Anterior limit of upper first molar

 5

Anterior notch on zygomatic process

 6

Anterior most point of alveolus upper incisor

 7

The most prominent point between the incisal edges of the incisors

Mandible

 1

Most posterior point of mandibular body base

 2

Lowest point of alveolar bone around lower incisor

 3

Highest point of alveolar bone around lower incisor

 4

Lateral face of condylar process

 5

Medial face of condylar process

 6

Top of coronoid process

 7

Distal face of third lower molar

 8

Posterior limit of lower molars

 9

Vestibular face of mesiobuccal cusp of first lower molar

 10

Lateral face of both sides of mentum bone

 11

Highest point of alveolar bone around lower incisor

 12

Most prominent point between incisal edges of lower incisor

 13

The topmost point of condylar process

 14

The most prominent lateral point on the buccal surface of the lower first molar

 15

Mental foramen

 16

The point located at the gonial angle of the mandible

 17

Most superior point of the condyle

 18

Posterior-most point of condyle

 19

Tip of mandibular angle

 20

Point on most inferior contour of angular process of mandible

 21

Point in deepest part of antegonial notch curvature

 22

Inferior point on mandibular symphysis

 23

Inferior rim point on lower incisor alveolus

 24

Most prominent point between incisal edges of lower incisor

 25

Superior rim point on lower incisor alveolus

 26

Point on intersection between the mandibular alveolar bone and mesial surface of first molar