Table 1 Landmarks and measurements used in this study
Landmarks | Definition |
|---|---|
Landmarks and planes: | |
Sella (S.) | The point representing the midpoint of the pituitary fossa (sella turcica) |
Nasion (N.) | The most anterior point of the frontonasal suture |
Supramentale (B.) | The point at the deepest midline concavity on the mandibular symphysis between infradentale and pogonion |
Orbitale (Or) | Mid-point of the infraorbital margin |
Anterior nasal spine (ANS) | Tip of the anterior nasal spine |
Porion (Po) | Superior point of the external auditory meatus |
Mandibular Plane (MP) | The tangent line to the lower border of the mandible through gnathion |
Anterior cranial base (SN) | The line connecting the center of Sella turcica and Nasion |
Axial plane | Plane containing both porions and the right Or |
Coronal plane | Plane perpendicular to axial plane that includes both Po |
Sagittal plane | Plane perpendicular to axial and coronal planes that includes ANS |
Measurements | |
Dental midline deviation | The deviation of dental midlines was defined as the horizontal distance between the facial sagittal plane and mesial contact points of mandibular central incisors as measured on the 3D reconstructed models |
SNB | the position of mandible to skull base |
SN-MP | The cant of lower border of mandible to skull base |