Table 2 Review and data summary of MOT of the masticatory muscles cases reported in the literature
From: Myositis ossificans traumatica of the masticatory muscles: etiology, diagnosis and treatment
Author | Gender, Age | Muscle, side | Chief complaints | History of Trauma | Treatment | Time intervall from trauma to treatment | Further Treatment | Outcome | Follow-up, SKD | Radiology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fité-Trepat et al. 2016 [10] | Female, 49 | Masseter, left side | Trismus, pain, swelling | Repetitive wisdom teeth infection | Excision with 1 cm of tumor-free margins | 3 months | None | No recurrence | 3 months, | Orthopantomography, CT |
Torres et al. 2015 [11] | Female, 36 | Medial pterygoid, right side | Trismus, pain, swelling | Extraction upper right wisdom teeth, 4 months later excision of MO alio loco with recurrence | Excision, abdominal fat graft | > 5 months after first surgery | Physical therapy for 1 month | Recurrence | 2 months | Orthopantomography, CT, MRI |
Mashiko et al. 2015 [31] | Male, 36 | Masster bilateral | Trismus, MIO 10Â mm | Frequently abused about the face 15Â years ago | Osteotomies bilateral, coronoidectomy bilateral | 15Â years | Physical therapy for 2Â months | No recurrence, MIO 36Â mm | 12Â months | CT, PET-CT |
Jiang et al. 2015 [5] | Female, 42 | Medial and lateral pterygoid right side | Trismus, MIO 2Â mm | Wisdom teeth infection | Exzcision, coronoidectomy; pedicled buccal fat pad | 36Â months | Physical therapy, Celecoxib 200Â mg 2xd for 1Â week | No recurrence, MIO 25Â mm | 36Â months | Orthopantomography, CT, MRI |
Kumar et al. 2014 [32] | Male, 26 | Masseter, left side | Painless swelling, MIO 38Â mm | Epileptic with multiple falls | Excision | 30Â months | None | Unknown | Unknown | Orthopantomography, CT, MRI |
Almeida et al. 2014 [30] | Female, 12 | Lateral pterygoid, left side | Trismus, MIO 10Â mm | Unknown | Excision, fat pad | Unknown | Physical therapy, corticosteroids | Recurrence | 1Â month | CT |
Boffano et al. 2014 [26] | Female, 37 | Medial pterygoid, left side | Trismus, MIO 5Â mm | Trauma: blow of the lef side of her face | Excision together with left coronoid and condyle, TMJ | 24Â months | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 31Â mm | 36Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Reddy et al. 2014 [33] | Male, 21 | Medial pterygoid and temporalis, left side | Trismus, MIO 15 mm, swelling | Trauma: hit by a heavy vehicle jack rod | First surgery: suspected haematoma eliminated- > MIO 2 mm after 6 weeks. Second surgery: Excision and coronoidectomy | 6 weeks | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 30 mm | 6 months | CT/MRI |
Spinizia et al. 2014 [17] | Male, 30 | Lateral pterygoid, left side | Trismus, MIO 10Â mm | Trauma: motorcycle ccident | Conservative | 1Â month | Physical therapy | No recurrence,MIO 30Â mm | 12Â months | CT |
Schiff et al. 2013 [29] | Female, 41 | Temporalis, left side | Trismus, MIO 2Â mm, swelling | Unknown | Excision, coronoidectomy | Unknown | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 51 | 8Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Jayade et al. 2013 [34] | Female, 25 | Lateral and medial pterygoid right side; temporalis left side | Trismus, pain, swelling | Unknown | Excision, coronoidectomy left side | Unknown | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 39Â mm | 3Â months | Orthopantomography, posteroanterior, CT, MRI |
Piombino et al. 2013 [35] | Female, 62 | Masseter, right side | Trismus | Unknown | Excision | Unknown | None | No recurrence | 24Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Nemoto et al. 2012 [36] | Male, 39 | Masseter bilateral; lateral pterygoid left side; temporalis left side | Trismus, MIO 5Â mm | Trauma: repeatedly struck with a plastic hammer | Excision masseter bilateral, coronoidectomy bilateral | 12Â months | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 37Â mm | 12Â months | CT, posteroanterior |
Choudhary et al. 2012 [37] | Male, 31 | Medial pterygoid, left side | Trismus, MIO 8Â mm | Trauma: road traffic crash | Excision | 24Â months | Physical therapy | No recurence, MIO 27Â mm | 30Â months | Orthopantomography, CT, lateral oblique, paranasal view |
Guarda-Nardini et al. 2012 [38] | Male, 50 | Temporalis, right side | Trismus, MIO 12Â mm, pain | Trauma: hited by a piece of furniture | Excision, coronoidectomy | 6Â months | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 35Â mm | 6Â months | CT, MRI |
Reymond et al. 2011 [39] | Male, 22 | Masseter, right side | Trismus, MIO 10Â mm, swelling | Trauma: assault and battery | Conservative | Unknown | Physical therapy | Remission | 6Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Wanyura et al. 2011 [40] | Male, 28 | Temporalis, left side | Trismus, MIO 10 mm | Trauma: struck with a fist | At first conservative treatment for 5 months: no succes. First surgery: Excision- > Recurrence. Second surgery 5 months later: Coronoidectomy | 5 months | Physical therapy | First surgery: recurrence. Second surgery: no recurrence, MIO 40 mm | 6 years | CT, MRI |
Thangavelu et al. 2011 [12] | Male, 36 | Medial pterygoid, left side | Trismus, MIO 3Â mm, pain | Extraction left third molar | Excision and osteotomy at ramus in the area of muscle insertion. Abdominal fat pad | 5Â months | Physical therapy | No recurence, MIO 28Â mm | 9Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Godhi et al. 2011 [41] | Male, 21 | Lateral pterygoid bilateral, temporalis bilateral | Trismus, MIO 5Â mm, swelling | Unknown, swelling 6Â years ago | Right side: ostectomy, reconstruction plate; left side: coronoidectomy | 6Â years | Physical therapy | No recurrence | 12Â months | CT |
Ramieri et al. 2010 [42] | Male, 64 | Medial pterygoid, left side | Trismus, MIO 15Â mm | Unknown | Excision | Unknown | None | Unknown | Unknown | CT, MRI |
Trautmann et al. 2010 [2] | Male, 33 | Medial pterygoid, left side | Trismus, MIO 5 mm, swelling | Mandibular block | First surgery: coronoidectomy- > relapse. Second surgery: 3,5 years later: excision- > relapse | First surgery:2 months after mandibular block | None | Recurrence | 3 years after second surgery | Orthopantomography, CT, MRI, DVT |
Bansal et al. 2009 [13] | Female, 20 | Medial pterygoid, right side; (buccinator, right side) | Trismus, MIO 1Â mm | Extraction | Excision along with the overlying mucosa, bilateral coronoidectomy | 24Â months | None | No recurrence | 12Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Conner and Duffy 2009 [14] | Female, 18 | Medial pterygoid and temporalis right side, afterwards masster and (sternocleidomastoideus) left side | Trismus, MIO 4 mm | Extraction of all 4 third molars | First surgery: excision and coronoidectomy- > recurrence. Second surgery: modified radical neck dissection, excision and resection lingual surface of the mandible, reconstruction plate- > recurrence. Third surgery: disrticulation of right condyle, excision and resection | First surgery after 9 months | Didronel | First surgery: recurrence. Second surgery: recurrence, third surgery: no recurrence, MIO 25 mm | 18 months | Orthopantomography, CT, MRI, Scintigraphy |
Kruse et al. 2009 [43] | Female, 35 | Masseter bilateral | Trismus, MIO 10 mm | Intubated for 4 weeks | Active mouth opening | – | Physical therapy | Unchanged | 8 months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Rattan et al. 2008 [28] | Male, 45 | Medial pterygoid, left side | Trismus, MIO 7Â mm | Injection with absolute alcohol in left alveolar nerve | Excision, buccal fat pad | 3Â years | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 45Â mm | 24Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Manzano et al. 2007 [44] | Male, 51 | Temporalis, right side | Trismus, MIO 13Â mm | Trauma 25Â years ago | Excision | 25Â years | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 38Â mm | 12Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Uematsu et al., 2005 [45] | Female, 38 | Temporalis, left side | Pain, swelling | Unknown | Excision | Unknown | None | Unknown | Unknown | CT, MRI |
Yano et al. 2005 [46] | Male, 34 | Masster bilateral; temporalis left side | Trismus, MIO 5Â mm | Trauma: kidnapped and outraged | Excision, coronoidectomy left side | 6Â months | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 40Â mm | 10Â months | CT, Cephalography |
St.-Hilaire et al. 2004 [15] | Male, 68 | Masster left side, medial pterygoid left side, temporalis left side | Trismus, MIO 5Â mm | Mandibular block | Excision, coronoidectomy | 5Â weeks | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 40Â mm | 42Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Aoki et al. 2002 [8] | Male, 44 | Masseter left side, medial pterygoid right side | Trismus, MIO 7Â mm, pain | Trauma: Blow | Physical therapie for 2Â months: no improvment, then surgery with excision masster muscle, 10Â days later: recurrence and ossification medial pterygoid right side | 12Â months | Physical therapy | recurrence | 30Â months | Orthopantomography, CT, MRI, Scintigraphy |
Kim et al. 2002 [16] | Female, 30 | Lateral pterygoid bilateral | Trismus, MIO 8 mm | Mandibular block | First surgery: excision, coronoidectomy- > recurence. Second surgery- > recurrence. Third surgery: excision + abdominal fat graft- > recurrence. Fourth surgery | 3 years | Radiation therapy, physical therapy, indomethazin, prednisolone, Etidronat | Multiple recurrence, no recurrence after fourth surgery, MIO 22 mm | 6 years | Orthopantomography, CT, MRI, Scintigraphy |
Saka et al. 2002 [47] | Male, 33 | Temporalis, left side | Trismus, pain, swelling | Blunt trauma | Excision | 3Â weeks | None | No recurrence | 4Â years | Orthopantomography, CT, MRI, Ultrasound |
Mevio et al. 2001 [25] | Female, 55 | Temporalis, right side | Trismus, MIO 6Â mm | Extraction | Excision, coronoidectomy | 18Â months | Physical therapy | No recurrence | 6Â months | CT |
Takahashi and Sato 1999 [48] | Female, 71 | Medial pterygoid, left side | None | Unknown | Excision | Unknown | None | No recurrence | 12Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Spinazze et al. 1998 [17] | Female, 55 | Medial and lateral pterygoid left side, temporalis left side | Trismus | Mouth kept open for 3 h during periodontal therapy | First surgery alio loco: coronoidectomy- > recurrence. Second surgery: excision, release of muscular attachments, athrotomyand bony ankylosis, placement of Silastic- > recurrence. Third surgery: gap-athroplasty, wide excision, removement of Silastic | Second surgery: 3 months after first surgery. Third surgery: 3 months after second surgery | Didronel, physical therapy | No recurrence after third surgery, MIO 32 mm | 3 months | Orthopantomography, CT, MRI |
Myoken et al. 1998 [49] | Male, 55 | Masster right side, temporalis bilateral | Trismus, MIO 8Â mm | Trauma: zygomatic arch fracture | Excision, bilateral coronoidectomy | 1Â month | None | No recurrence, MIO 38Â mm | 12Â months | CT |
Geist et al. 1998 [50] | Male, 44 | Masseter left side | Trismus, MIO 5Â mm, pain | Trauma: fracture of the left mandible | Excision | 12Â months | None | Unknown | Unknown | Orthopantomography, half-axial, CT |
Steiner et al. 1997 [51] | Male, 40 | Masseter left side | Trismus, MIO 5Â mm | Trauma: fracture of the mandible | Excision | 12Â months | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 30Â mm | 3Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Steiner et al., 1997 [51] | Female, 15 | Masseter left side | Trismus, 8Â mm | Shotgun wound to the face 7Â years ago | Excision | 7Â years | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 26Â mm | Unknown | CT |
Tong et al. 1994 [52] | Female, 73 | Medial pterygoid bilateral | None | Unknown | None | Unknown | None | Unknown | Unknown | CT |
El-Labban et al. 1993 [53] | Male, 42 | Masster, side unknown | Trismus | Trauma: blow to the side 6Â months before | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
Parkash and Goyal 1992 [18] | Male, 28 | Medial pterygoid, left side | Trismus, MIO 0 mm | Pericoronitis left third molar | First surgery: condylectomy and coronoidectomy- > recurrence Second surgey: excision | 6 ½ years | Physical therapy | Recurrence, after second surgery: MIO 20 mm | 3 months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Nilner and Andersson 1989 [54] | Male, 57 | Medial pterygoid, right side | Trismus | Injection with alcohol in right alveolar nerve | None | – | None | Unknown | 8 years | Orthopantomography, CT, TMJ radiograph |
Lello and Makek 1986 [19] | Female, 31 | Masster left side | Trismus, MIO 10Â mm, pain, swelling | Mandibular block | Excision | 5Â weeks | None | No recurrence, MIO 40Â mm | 4Â years | Orthopantomography, posteroanterior Scintigraphy |
Lello and Makek 1986 [19] | Male, 32 | Masster, left side | Trismus, MIO 10Â mm, swelling | Trauma: blow to the left mandible | Excision | 2Â months | None | No recurrence | 5Â years | Unknown |
Lello and Makek 1986 [19] | Male, 34 | Temporalis left side | None | Trauma: motor vehicle accident | Excision | 9Â months | None | No recurrence | 4Â years | CT |
Wiesenfeld et al. 1985 [55] | Female, 10 | Temporalis right side | Painless swelling | Unknown | Excision | Unknown | None | No recurrence | 6Â months | Orthopantomography, CT |
Arima et al. 1984 [56] | Male, 25 | Masseter, left | Trismus, MIO 11Â mm, pain | Trauma: contusion in a fight | Excision | 6Â months | None | No recurrence, MIO 47Â mm | 11Â months | Posterioanterior |
Abdin and Prabhu 1984 [57] | Female, 43 | Lateral pterygoid left side | Total trismus, painless swelling | Huge painful swelling at the age of 19 | Excision | 24Â years | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 30Â mm | 6Â months | Orthopantomography |
Christmas and Ferguson 1982 [58] | Male, 51 | Masseter, left side | Trismus, MIO 10Â mm, swelling | Trauma: falling from horse and striking against a fence post | Excision | 18Â months | None | No recurrence, MIO 40Â mm | 4Â months | Posterioanterior |
Plezia et al. 1977 [59] | Female, 47 | Masseter, left side | Trismus, MIO 8Â mm | Trauma: blow | Excision | 2Â months | None | No recurrence, MIO 44Â mm | unknown | Posterioanterior |
Narang and Dixon 1974 [20] | Male, 50 | Medial pterygoid, right side | Trismus, MIO 12 mm | Extraction | First surgery: excision- > recurrence Second surgery: excision, coronoidectomy, insetion of silastic | First surgery:15 months Second surgery: 1 month | Physical therapy | No recurrence, MIO 49 mm | unknown | Cephalography, posterioanterior |
Hatzifotiadis 1970 [60] | Male, 50 | Masseter, left side | Trismus, MIO 5Â mm, swelling | Trauma: fallen on iron peg | First: conservative treatment without succes for 2Â months. Surgery: Excision | 4Â months | Physical therapy, acrylic appliance for 2Â days | No recurrence | 12Â months | Radiograph |
Trester et al. 1969 [61] | Female, 29 | Masseter, left side | Trismus, MIO 3–4 mm, swelling | Trauma: epileptic seizure- > blow | Excision- > recurrence, than physical therapy | 1 month | Physical therapy | Recurrence after surgery- > with physical therapy: MIO 25 mm | 3 months | Posterioanterior |
Vernale 1968 [62] | Male, 31 | Masseter, right side | Trismus, pain, swelling | Trauma: car accident | Excision | 1Â month | None | No recurrence | 2Â months | Posterioanterior |
Vernale 1968 [62] | Male, 29 | Masseter, left side | Trismus, MIO 4Â mm | Trauma: blow | Excision | 4Â months | None | No recurrence | 6Â years | Posterioanterior, right and left lateral oblique |
Shawkat 1967 [21] | Male, 24 | Masseter, temporalis, (mylohyoid), left side | Facial paralysis | Extraction left maxillary molar region | Unknown | Unknown | None | Unknown | Unknown | Cephalography |
Parnes and Hinds 1965 [63] | Female, 27 | Masster, left side | Trismus, MIO 10Â mm, pain | Trauma: beaten with a fist | Excision | 1Â month | None | No recurrence, MIO 25Â mm | Unknown | Posterioanterior, right and left lateral oblique |
Hellinger 1965 [64] | Female, 21 | Masster, temporalis, (buccinator) pterygoid, left side | Trismus, MIO 3–4 mm | Unknown | Excision | 12 years | None | No recurrence | 6 months | Posterioanterior, lateral oblique |
Goodsell 1962 [65] | Male, 39 | Masseter, right side | Trismus, pain, swelling | Trauma: blow | Excision | 5Â weeks | None | No recurrence | Unknown | Unknown |
Kostrubala and Tailbot 1948 [66] | Male, 21 | Masseter, right side | Trismus | Trauma: struck by an enemy bullet | First surgery:Excision- > recurrence Second surgery: excision + dermal graft | 6 months, second surgery after 4 months | Before surgery: physical therapy- > no succes | After second surgery: no recurrence | 9 months | Laminograph |
Nizel and Prigge 1946 [4] | Male, 21 | Masseter, right side | Trismus, MIO 4Â mm | Trauma: perforating wound | Conservative treatment | 4Â months | Counter-trismus appliance | MIO 21Â mm | Â | Posterioanterior |
Ivy and Eby 1924 [7] | Unknown | Masseter, left side | Trismus | Trauma: wounded by a small shell fragment | Excision | Unknown | Trismus apparatus | Full extent of opening achieved immediaely postoperative | Unknown | Radiograph |