Table 2 Sensitivity–specificity of visual and LF pen of approximal surfaces as compared with bitewing radiographs

 Visual

4.3 %^a,b

(1.0–8.6)

99.3 %^a,b

(98.3–100)

95.7 %

0.7 %

74.9 %^a,b

(70.3–79.5)

0.15

(0.06)

 LF pen

 (Cut-off 16)

79.8 %^a

(71.4–88,2)

96.8 %^a

(94.6–99,0)

20.2 %

3.2 %

92.1 %^a

(89.2–95.0)

0.80

(0.04)

 LF pen

 (Cut-off 15)

83 %^b

(75.2–90.9)

96.8 %^b

(94.6–99.0)

17 %

3.2 %

93.0 %^b

(90.2–95.8)

0.82

(0.04)

 Visual

4.3 %^a,b

(2.0–10.6)

98.4 %^a,b

(96.1–100)

95.7 %

1.6 %

73.3 %^a,b

(66.4–80.2)

0.13

(0.09)

 LF pen

 (Cut-off 16)

73.9 %^a

(60.3.87.5)

95.5 %^a

(91.5–99.5)

26.1 %

4.5 %

89.2 %^a

(84.1–94.3)

0.73

(0.06)

 LF pen

 (Cut-off 15)

78.3 %^b

(61.9–88.7)

95.5 %^b

(91.5–99.5)

21.7 %

4.5 %

90.5 %^b

(85.7–95.3)

0.75

(0.06)

 Visual

4.3 %^a,b

(1.56–10.16)

100 %^a,b

(100–100)

95.7 %

0 %

76.5 %^a,b

(70.4–82.6)

0.18

(0.06)

 LF pen

 (Cut-off 16)

85.4 %^a

(75.4–95.4)

97.8 %^a

(95.3–100)

14.6 %

2.2 %

94.5 %^a

(91.2–97.8)

0.86

(0.04)

 LF pen

 (Cut-off 15)

87.5 %^b

(78.1–96.9)

97.8 %^b

(95.3–100)

12.5 %

2.2 %

95.1 %^b

(92.0–98.2)

0.87

(0.04)