|
Auto-fluorescence spectroscopy
|
Fluorochromes fluorescence (NAD, FADH)
|
ultraviolet and visible spectrum light
|
Distinguish malignant tissue by concentration of (NAD, FADH), re-emit green light
|
81
|
100
|
|
Enhanced dye fluorescence
|
Fluorochromes fluorescence (protoporphyrin IX)
|
ultraviolet and visible spectrum light
|
Distinguish malignant tissue by high concentration of (protoporphyrin IX), re-emit red light
|
100
|
100
|
|
Ratio imaging
|
fluorescence (protoporphyrin IX, NAD, FADH)
|
ultraviolet and visible blue light
|
Compare a ratio of red emission of (protoporphyrin IX) from malignant cells with the green emission from normal
|
from 60 to 97
|
from 75 to 99%
|
|
Raman spectroscopy
|
Raman vibrational spectroscopy
|
laser-based spectroscopic technique
|
enabling chemical characterization
|
80.5
|
86.2
|
|
Elastic scattering spectroscopy
|
Elastic scattering (white light reflectance)
|
pulsed xenon arc lamp
|
provides optical geometrical information
|
92
|
79
|
|
Differential path-length spectroscopy
|
Elastic scattering (white light reflectance)
|
tungsten-halogen lamp
|
cell biochemistry, intracellular morphology and microvascular properties such as oxygen saturation and average vessel diameter
|
69
|
85
|
|
Optical Coherence Tomography
|
scattered light (Fourier domain mode lock swept source-based) OCT
|
laser-based
|
Provide provide high-speed three-dimensional OCT pictures
|
Subjective image required interpretation
|
Subjective image required interpretation
|
|
Angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (A/LCI)
|
scattered light to measure the average size of different cell structures
|
laser-based
|
delivers direct confirmation of precancerous disease to the physician
|
100
|
85
|
