Table 1 Questionnaires used in the study
Items/Subscales | Items | rating scale | |
|---|---|---|---|
Pain inventory | |||
General items: | |||
PI-A1 | Item: intensity of pain | 1 | 1 (not noticeable) – 6 (unbearable) |
PI-A2 | Item: frequency of pain | 1 | 1 (daily) – 4 (once in a fortnight) |
PI-A3 | Item: duration of pain | 1 | 1 (less than 1 hour) – 7 (permanently) |
PI-A4 | Item: pain-related interference | 1 | 1 (unrestricted) – 5 (no activities) |
Subscales: | 1 (not at all) – 4 (very much) | ||
PI-1 | Subscale: “parafunctional activities (PFA)” | 7 | |
PI-2 | Subscale: “temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD)“ chewing difficulties, myofascial pain, temporomandibular pain and stiffness | 8 | |
PI-3 | Subscale: “cervicodorsal pain (CDP)” | 5 | |
PI-4 | Subscale: “occipitocervical pain (OCP)” including TMJ sounds | 5 | |
PI-5 | Subscale: “frontotemporal pain (FTP)” including migraine-like headache | 7 | |
McGill pain questionnaire | 1 (not at all) – 4 (very severely) | ||
MPQ-A | subscale: affective descriptors | 14 | |
MPQ-S | subscale: sensory descriptors | 10 | |
Zerssen complaint list | 24 | 1 (not at all) – 4 (severely) | |
Irrational attitudes questionnaire | 0 (strongly disagree) – 5 (completely agree) | ||
IA-1 | “negative self-appraisal” (of own person and abilities) | 8 | |
IA-2 | “dependency” (of own behavior upon approval by others) | 8 | |
IA-3 | “internal attribution” (of problems to own responsibility | 7 | |
IA-4 | “irritability” (due to external stressors) | 7 | |
Pain behavior questionnaire | 1 (strongly disagree) – 5 (completely agree) | ||
PB-1 | “avoidance” (of social contact, leisure and work activities) | 8 | |
PB-2 | “cognitive control” (of pain using relaxation, attention and mind techniques) | 8 | |
PB-3 | “social support” (perceived by patient) | 6 | |
PB-4 | “activity” (in social and professional areas) | 7 | |