Table 5 Cephalometric values of upper airway in Caucasian subjects and gender differences
From: Cephalometric norms for the upper airway of 12-year-old Chinese children
Variables | Boys | Girls | Gender difference | P value | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | 95% CI | Range | 95% CI | ||||||||||||||
Mean | SD | Median | Min | Max | Lower | Upper | Mean | SD | Median | Min | Max | Lower | Upper | ||||
Soft palate | |||||||||||||||||
PM-U | Length of the soft palate | 29.9 | 3.9 | 29.7 | 20.2 | 42.6 | 28.8 | 30.9 | 29.4 | 3.3 | 29.2 | 23.5 | 37.9 | 28.4 | 30.4 | 0.5 | 0.377 |
SPT | Soft palate thickness | 8.3 | 1.3 | 8.4 | 5.2 | 11.8 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 1.1 | 7.9 | 5.8 | 10.8 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 0.4 | 0.055 |
NL/PM-U | Inclination of the long axis of the soft palate relative to the nasal line | 124.6 | 6.3 | 125.0 | 111.0 | 140.0 | 123.0 | 126.2 | 126.8 | 6.8 | 125.0 | 113.0 | 147.0 | 124.8 | 128.8 | -2.2 | 0.296 |
Depth of upper airway | |||||||||||||||||
PM-UPW | Depth of the nasopharyngeal airway space | 21.0 | 3.6 | 21.6 | 9.9 | 27.3 | 20.1 | 21.9 | 21.1 | 4.1 | 21.0 | 8.2 | 31.7 | 19.9 | 22.3 | -0.1 | 1.000 |
U-MPW | Depth of the retropalatal pharyngeal airway space | 9.1 | 2.4 | 9.1 | 3.1 | 13.8 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 2.3 | 8.8 | 4.3 | 14.2 | 8.5 | 9.8 | -0.1 | 0.889 |
V-LPW | Depth of the hypopharyngeal airway space | 13.1 | 2.5 | 13.5 | 8.0 | 19.7 | 12.5 | 13.8 | 13.1 | 3.4 | 13.6 | 7.4 | 21.0 | 12.2 | 14.1 | 0.0 | 0.973 |
PASmin | Depth of the retroglossal pharyngeal airway space | 7.5 | 2.8 | 7.4 | 2.8 | 13.8 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 2.8 | 7.3 | 4.1 | 14.7 | 7.1 | 8.7 | -0.4 | 0.562 |
Position of the hyoid bone | |||||||||||||||||
AH-FH | Positon of the hyoid bone in the vertical plance | 73.1 | 5.4 | 72.8 | 62.6 | 84.2 | 71.7 | 74.4 | 72.8 | 5.2 | 72.2 | 60.1 | 85.9 | 71.3 | 74.3 | 0.3 | 0.633 |
AH-CV | Positon of the hyoid bone in the horizontal plance | 28.6 | 2.9 | 28.8 | 22.0 | 35.5 | 27.8 | 29.3 | 29.4 | 3.0 | 29.4 | 24.2 | 35.6 | 28.5 | 30.3 | -0.8 | 0.208 |