Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
From: Magnetic resonance imaging for jawbone assessment: a systematic review
First author, year | Type of participants (N) | Evaluated site | Diagnostic purpose | Magnetic field strength (MRI device) | Sequence type (MRI parameters) | Coil type and position | Reference test | No. of examiners (examiner experience) | Outcome evaluated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aguiar, 200934 | Dry cadaver (5) | Anterior mandible | Geometric accuracy of cortical bone for dental implant planning | 1.0 T (Signa Contour, GE HealthCare) | T2- weighted (ST 2 mm; table feed 1 mm; TR/TE 112/3.5 ms; FOV 26 cm; matrix 256 × 256 pixels; scanning time 3 min.) | Head coil | CT and digital caliper | 4 (specialists in Oral and Maxillo-Facial Radiology) | Bone height |
Al-Haj Husain, 202333 | Patients (10) | Anterior mandible and maxilla | Image quality and diagnostic accuracy of buccal bone thickness assessment for dental implant planning | 3 T (Skyra, Siemens) | 3D double-echo steady state (DESS) (isotropic resolution of 0.75 × 0.75 × 0.75 mm, receive bandwidth of 355 Hz/Px, FOV 242 × 242 × 78 mm3; acquisition matrix 320 × 320 × 104; slice oversampling 100%; no parallel acquisition; one signal average; acquisition time 12:24 min:s; TR/TE1/TE2 11.2/4.2/7.7 ms; flip angle 30°; selective water excitation.) | Siemens standard 64 channel head-and-neck coil. | CBCT | 2 (oral surgeon and oral and maxillofacial radiology) | Image quality, image artifact, and cortical bone thickness |
Choi, 202231 | Bone specimens (21) from patients (18) | NR | Structural assessment (indirect assessment of trabecular bone density/volume) for dental implant planning | 14 T (Magnex interfaced to a Bruker BioSpin (Billerica, MA) Avance III HD console) | 3D gradient-echo (TR/TE 48.6/2.6ms; matrix 256 × 256 × 256 pixels; scanning time ~ 14 h.) | Custom build Bruker coil inner/outer diameter 10/40 mm/NR | CBCT and micro-CT | NR | MRI: bone mineral adipose tissue volume; micro-CT: BV/TV; CBCT: radiodensity. |
Cortes, 201832 | Bone specimens (7) from patients (7) | Mandible | Structural assessment (indirect assessment of trabecular bone density/volume) for dental implant planning | 15 T (130-mm horizontal bore magnet (Agilent, Yarnton), 60-mm ID gradient insert (Resonance Research Inc.) with 2370 mT/m maximum gradient, interfaced to a Siemens console (Siemens)) | 3D gradient-echo pulse (TE/TR 3.3/50 ms; receiver bandwidth 255-Hz; flip angle 25°; 16 averages; FOV 7.5 × 7.5 × 7.5 mm; matrix 128 × 128 × 128 pixels; voxel 59 m³; scanning time 32:07 min.) | Custom-built 13-mm inner diameter loop-gap probe/NR | micro-CT | 2/(PhD in oral radiology and postdoctoral fellow trained in radiology and MRI; PhD student and master in biomaterials) | MRI: bone marrow fat volume and BV/TV; micro-CT: BV/TV |
Deng, 201411 | Fresh cadaver (1) | Posterior mandible | Geometric accuracy of inferior alveolar nerve and cortical bone for maxillofacial surgery planning | 3 T (Magnetom Trio, Siemens) | Fast gradient-echo (TR/TE 2,3/3.67 ms; flip angle 10°; matrix 448 × 448 pixels; FOV 226 × 226 mm.) | Supine conventional position | CT and digital caliper | NR | Mandibular nerve canal to cortical bone linear measurement |
Flügge, 201610 | Patients (2) and dry cadaver (1) | Posterior maxilla and mandible | Imaging and geometric accuracy of hard and soft tissues for maxillofacial diagnosing | 3 T (TIM Trio, Siemens) | Gradient-echo fast low flip angle shots (FLASH) (In vivo, mandible: Matrix 64 × 64 × 28 mm (115 cm³); voxel 250 × 250 × 500 μm³; TE/TR 4.2/11 ms; flip angle 15°; three averages; scanning time 3:57 min. In vivo, maxilla: isotropic resolution 350 μm; FOV 34 cm³; TR/TE 12/4.8 ms; flip angle 15°; five averages; scanning time 6:40 min. Ex vivo, mandible: isotropic resolution 200 mm³; FOV 39 × 39 × 24 mm (36.5 cm³); TE/TR 4.3/12 ms; 2 averages; flip angle 15°; scanning time 4:38 min.) | Individually fabricated (1 mm diameter copper wire, an adjustable capacitor and crossed diodes) wireless inductively/intraoral. In vivo imaging: 4-cm surface loop coil (Siemens)/close to the cheek opposite to the intraoral coil. | CBCT | 2 (dentist > 5 years dedicated to maxillofacial radiology) | Linear measurement and tissue visibility |
Fuglsig, 202212 | Cadaver specimens (12) | Posterior maxilla and mandible | Geometric accuracy of cortical bone for dental implant planning | 9.4 T (Bruker Biospec, Bruker Biospin) | Zero-Echo-Time (FOV 75 mm3 isotropic; matrix 3663 pixels; image resolution 0.205 mm; flip angle 0.74°; TR 1.98 ms; bandwidth 2.78 kHz; projection under sampling of two; 50 averages; scan time 6 h) | 76-mm quadrature volume coil | CBCT and histology | 2 (dentist) | Cortical bone linear measurement |
Goto, 200735 | Volunteers (2), phantom (1), and dry cadaver (1) | Anterior and posterior mandible | Imaging and geometric accuracy of cortical bone for maxillofacial surgery planning | 1.5 T (Symphony, Siemens) | 3D Volumetric Interpolated Breath-hold Examination (VIBE) (TR/TE 9.73/3.96 ms; flip angle 20°; voxel 0.7 mm3; field of view 173 × 230 mm; scanning time 6.5 min.) | Head coil/NR | CT and micrometer | 2 (trained observers) | Cortical bone visualization and linear and angle measurement |
Imamura, 20049 | Patients (11) | Posterior mandible | Imaging and geometric accuracy of cortical bone for dental implant planning | 1.5 T (Shimadzu Corporation) | T1-weighted (TR/TE 500/15 ms, FOV 150 to 260 mm, matrix 256 × 256, number of excitations twice, slice width 2.5 mm perpendicular to the dental arch and overlap 0.5 mm.) | NR | CT | 2 (4 years prosthodontist; 27 years prosthodontist) | Mandibular nerve visualization and cortical bone linear measurement |